American Journal of Osteopathic Neurological Surgery
AJONS
AJONS current ISSN 2476-1702
American Journal of Osteopathic Neurological Surgery (AJONS), is the official journal of the American Organization of Neurological Surgeons (JAONS)
aoaNeurosurgery.org/journal.htm
Published AJONS 2015 and beyond ISSN 2476-1702
Instructions for authors
Editors page
Peer reviewed articles
Printed AJONS Spring 2014
ISBN-13: 978-1494948467
ISBN-10: 149494846X
9 peer reviewed articles
Letter from the Editor
Letter to the Editor
Neurosurgical news
Surgical nuances
Socioeconomic issues
Product review
Featured residency program
Resident’s corner
Medical student corner
Editorial
AJONS
Published annually from 2001
Instructions for authors
Editors page
Peer reviewed articles
Editorial Board
Co-Editor in Chief
Gary Simonds, MD Carilion Hospital, Roanoke VA
Co-Editor in Chief
Dan Miulli, DO Riverside University Health System, Moreno Valley, CA
Associate Editor
Kai Narayan, MD Grant Hospital, Columbus, OH
Editorial Board
Ryan Barrett, DO Providence Hospital, Providence, MI
Samar El Fallal, DO Beaumont Oakwood Medical Center, Providence, MI
Omid Hariri, DO ARMC, Colton, CA
Otakar Hubschmann, MD St Barnabas Medical Center, Livingston, NJ
Michael Schulder, MD Northshore Medical Center, something, NY
Javed Siddiqi, MD Desert Regional Medical Center, Palm Springs, CA
Jason Seibly, DO Bromenn Medical Center, Bloomington, IL
Diane Sierens, MD Stroger Medical Center, Chicago, IL
Steve Yocom, DO Cooper University Hospital, Camden, NJ
Editorial Policy
The American Journal of Osteopathic Neurological Surgery, previously known as the Journal of the American Organization of Neurological Surgeons in 2001, is the official publication of the owner, the American Organization of Neurological Surgeons (AONS) and the society the American College of Osteopathic Surgeons Neurosurgical Discipline (ACOS-NSD) however, all manuscripts are given consideration if relevant to neurosurgery and are submitted by individuals associated with AOA Neurosurgery Residency programs, ACOS-NSD or the AONS. Articles may deal with the results of scientific investigations, neurosurgical procedure nuances, neurosurgical case reports, ACOS-NSD information, neurosurgical news, neurosurgical products, social economic issues, neurosurgical residency programs and graduate medical education, neurosurgical resident issues, and specific medical student issues. Manuscripts that are prepared using the instructions for authors are given consideration. The AJONS endorses and follows the guidelines of the World Association of Medical Editors (WAME) Policy Statement on Geopolitical Intrusion on Editorial Decisions, the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE), the Recommendations for the Conduct, Reporting, Editing and Publication of Scholarly Work in Medical Journals, COPE guidelines, and others listed below.
Articles should be submitted via email to the Co-Editor in Chief of the AJONS.
Instructions for Authors of Scientific Manuscripts
Scientific manuscripts submitted should be original documentation, including photographs. Manuscripts should have appropriate concepts, methods, grammar, and within the aim and scope of the journal. The papers should be single column, double-spaced. The title should be in title case and bold, followed by Authors, degree, organization, city, and state.
The scientific manuscripts should contain an abstract, with both the abstract and paper separated into sections with bold typing of the section title. The page setup should be 0-6.5 inches. Paragraphs should be indented 0.5 inches. All tables should be submitted separate from the paper. Tables should be up to 3 inches wide so that they could fit into a column. This will allow quicker scanning and preparation. References should be numbered, tab, name of authors. Title of paper. Journal. Year volume:pages.
Authorship and Peer Review Process
The American Journal of Osteopathic Neurological Surgery utilizes a peer-review process following the guidelines of the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) to evaluate scientific manuscripts, including scientific investigations, neurosurgical procedure nuances, and neurosurgical case reports for scientific accuracy, addition to neurosurgery literature, and importance to neurosurgery. The peer-review process functions to improve the quality of the research publication and to prevent illusory results. The peer review process requires evaluation of content for scientific merit, suggestions, revisions, grammar correction, formatting, and detailed checking. To be considered foremost for publication, the manuscripts should be original prospective studies in neurosurgery. Case studies and review of the literature are significant contributions and should be combined with retrospective or prospective procedures to qualify best for case study publication.
All new submissions are screened for completeness and adherence to the Instructions for Authors. Those deemed meeting the criteria are further reviewed by a senior editor who decides if the submission warrants peer review or if it should be rejected without further review. Authors of scientific manuscripts rejected at initial evaluation should normally be informed within 4 weeks of receipt. Authors of submissions rejected at this time should be given feedback.
Those confidential privileged scientific manuscripts deemed suitable for peer review are passed to at least 2 expert reviewers. The reviewer and author shall remain anonymous throughout the double blind review process. Peer reviewers are matched to the manuscripts according to their areas of expertise. The reviewers are maintained in a database and are selected by the Co-Editors in Chief, upon recommendation of the Editorial Board, from Neurosurgery Residency Program Directors and others in the neuroscience field based on expertise, previous scientific publication, and editorial board participation.
Manuscripts will receive up to 100 points in each of the five categories: type of research paper (basic science, original clinical research, prospective study, chart review, review of literature, case study); grammar; addition to science; type of research conducted; and change to neuroscience practice. Scientific manuscripts must receive the minimum number of points in each category and in total as determined annually by the Editorial Board. Neurosurgical procedure nuances or tools should provide a reason that the procedure or tool is more clinically suitable than that which is already approved.
Should peer-reviewers contradict each other, an additional expert will be sought. Constructive and professional recommendations should explain the major strengths and weakness of the study design, data, and conclusions in the manuscript and the possible means to improve the manuscript. Minor weakness may be provided should the reviewer so choose.
Every person listed as an author of an article published in AJONS has been declared the author(s) without omission and is responsible to have contributed to the development, analysis, and reporting of the information in a significant and recognizable manner. All of the authors must agree to be accountable for all features of the information in which they were involved, have read and agreed to the manuscript's content and that the manuscript conforms to the AJONS' policies guidelines developed by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors. All persons having significantly contributed to the manuscript but do not meet the criteria for authorship must have the author's acknowledgement. The AJONS review process should be completed within 70 days.
The senior editor is responsible for the final decision for publication or rejection. The senior editor may accept the scientific manuscript without any changes, accept with minor revisions, accept after major revisions, ask the author to revise and resubmit or reject the manuscript without the ability to make revisions.
The final decision will be sent to the author with recommendations. Four weeks after acceptance for publication, the manuscript should be available for publication; this can be as long as 14 weeks after initial manuscript submission to AJONS.
Two senior editors will review other materials that have been submitted such as ACOS-NSD information, neurosurgical news, neurosurgical products, social economic issues, neurosurgical residency programs and graduate medical education, neurosurgical resident issues, and specific medical student issues. Those materials must also have appropriate concepts, methods, grammar, and within the aim and scope of the journal. The papers should be single column, and double-spaced.
The Peer Review system shall be reviewed by the Co-Editors in Chief and reported to the Editorial Board annually for effective fair review and suggested improvements. The recommendations will include guidelines for adjudication, changes to AJONS policy, expectations, confidential reviewer performance, outcomes for reviewers, educational material for reviewers, adherence to guidelines, any appeals, and other materials as required.
AJONS adheres to COPE guidelines regarding appeals to editorial decisions and complaints. Any of the senior editors shall review any appeal from authors and review the documentation submitted by the peer reviewers. If a senior editor does not agree with the outcome of the peer review process an additional peer reviewer may be assigned. A negative decision will be sent to one of the Co-Editors in Chief for review and decision. The Co-Editor in Chief decision is final.
AJONS allows articles it publishes to have been published or released elsewhere before they are published in on-line AJONS as long as the publication information has been cited and agreed to by the previous publisher and a signed release has been received by AJONS. The author must declare any overlapping publication on submission, and if criteria is met upon publication. Abstracts and research presentations at the ACOS-ACA does not violate AJONS’s policies and may be published in the AJONS.
Full text of all articles are available for free at AOANeurosurgery.org/journal.
Material published in the American Journal of Osteopathic Neurological Surgery (ISSN 149494846X) is not covered by copyright.
Conflict of Interest, Misconduct and Response
For all articles published, AJONS lists study sponsorship, relevant financial information, and all competing interest in the published work as disclosed by the authors. AJONS is committed to publishing research, review articles, case reports, and reliable information that are free from commercial influence and competing interest. An author must disclose receiving any support, or holding any interest in any entity affected by the publication, having interest in any patent issues related to the publication, or any other issue that may be considered as gaining an advantage as the result of the publication.
The disclosure forms of all authors are available to the peer reviewers and editors. Author contribution may also appear at the end of the article. AJONS expects that authors of articles to not have significant financial interest in any entity relevant to the topics and products discussed in the article. Where authors have no conflict of interests, the statement should read “The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.” When a prospective author does have financial ties to disclose, the editors decide whether they are relevant to the topic and whether there is a conflict of interest. If reviewers suspect a violation of AJONS policy the Co-Editors in Chief shall be notified and these concerns must be investigated and remain confidential. Any effort to deliberately deceive others by the authors, reviewers, editorial board, editors, and others once known, shall be referred to the Co-editors in Chief and reviewed by a subcommittee of the editorial board using due process as suggested in the US Office of Research Integrity. All involved parties shall provide written documentation about the issue. Conditions for review include but are not limited to: plagiarism, improper assignment of authorship credit, falsifying data, serious deviation in research practices, violation of research legislation and regulation, and false accusations. The subcommittee of the editorial board shall recommend to the Co-Editors in Chief corrective action to the person against whom the complaint is made in the form of a letter of education, a letter of reprimand, a letter to the supervising institution requesting an investigation, publication of a notice of infringement, formal withdrawal of the paper.
AJONS's policy is that none of the AJONS editors should have any financial relationship with any biomedical company.
The peer review process must also be free from conflicts of interest. Peer review should not take place by a reviewer that is in competition or conflict with the author. The information provided by the author cannot be used by the reviewer in a professional or personal manner prior to publication.
Informed Consent
No manuscript submitted for publication in AJONS involving interaction with or manipulation of human subjects for research purposes or the images or details of individuals will be considered if informed consent to participate in the study was not obtained from the participant or legally recognized consenting individual and included in the manuscript. The identifiable details of individuals include names and other patient specific information that would lead to their identification or infringement of privacy and must not appear in the manuscript.
Ethics, Human and Animal Rights
All manuscripts having a description of procedures involving humans or animals or involving private human medical information must have a statement of proof stating the procedures rationale have been approved and carried out within an appropriate ethical framework of institutional and national guidelines such as the Good Clinical Practice in Food and Drug Administration Regulated Clinical Trials (USA) or the Medical Research Council Guidelines for Good Clinical Practice in Clinical Trials (UK)) and the World Medical Association (WMA) Declaration of Helsinki, that appropriate steps were taken to minimize pain or discomfort, and followed the ethical standards of the responsible committee on human or animal experimentation. All personal information must be de-identified.
If the Editors suspect that the authors did not follow the procedures, did not obtain approval, or did not follow ethical standards they will reject the manuscript and contact the responsible committee. This detailed report must be from the responsible committee such as the Institutional Review Board (IRB) or other Review Board. If publicly available data is used exclusively, the review committee may grant an exemption which must also be detailed in the manuscript.
Corrections and Retractions
AJONS will publish corrections or retractions of published articles immediately online and in the next publication in order to maintain scientific integrity as an Erratum or Retraction article. Changes to published papers that affect the conclusion will be corrected as an Erratum linked to the original paper. If the original material infringes upon certain rights it may be removed from the online site.
Advertising
All advertisement submitted for publication shall comply with applicable U.S. and International laws. No advertising may be indecent, obscene, or defamatory. Editorial decisions are independent and shall not be based upon or influenced by advertisers or donors. Any person involved in approving specific donors or advertisement for the AJONS, cannot take part in editorial review of material related to the advertiser or donor. All advertisers and donors shall be clearly identified and the product or service being offered. No advertisement shall be published adjacent to any material in the AJONS which refers in any way to a product or service related to the advertiser or donor or refer to any other material in that issue of the AJONS. Advertisements shall have a unique appearance, different from any other AJONS material. All advertisement should be pertinent to the material in the AJONS, should not be deceptive, misleading, offensive, contain negative content, or violations of ethical standards. The Co-Editors in Chief are responsible for the advertisement and donors and have the right to refuse any advertisement for any reason.
AJONS current ISSN 2476-1702
American Journal of Osteopathic Neurological Surgery (AJONS), is the official journal of the American Organization of Neurological Surgeons (JAONS)
aoaNeurosurgery.org/journal.htm
Published AJONS 2015 and beyond ISSN 2476-1702
Instructions for authors
Editors page
Peer reviewed articles
Printed AJONS Spring 2014
ISBN-13: 978-1494948467
ISBN-10: 149494846X
9 peer reviewed articles
Letter from the Editor
Letter to the Editor
Neurosurgical news
Surgical nuances
Socioeconomic issues
Product review
Featured residency program
Resident’s corner
Medical student corner
Editorial
AJONS
Published annually from 2001
Instructions for authors
Editors page
Peer reviewed articles
Editorial Board
Co-Editor in Chief
Gary Simonds, MD Carilion Hospital, Roanoke VA
Co-Editor in Chief
Dan Miulli, DO Riverside University Health System, Moreno Valley, CA
Associate Editor
Kai Narayan, MD Grant Hospital, Columbus, OH
Editorial Board
Ryan Barrett, DO Providence Hospital, Providence, MI
Samar El Fallal, DO Beaumont Oakwood Medical Center, Providence, MI
Omid Hariri, DO ARMC, Colton, CA
Otakar Hubschmann, MD St Barnabas Medical Center, Livingston, NJ
Michael Schulder, MD Northshore Medical Center, something, NY
Javed Siddiqi, MD Desert Regional Medical Center, Palm Springs, CA
Jason Seibly, DO Bromenn Medical Center, Bloomington, IL
Diane Sierens, MD Stroger Medical Center, Chicago, IL
Steve Yocom, DO Cooper University Hospital, Camden, NJ
Editorial Policy
The American Journal of Osteopathic Neurological Surgery, previously known as the Journal of the American Organization of Neurological Surgeons in 2001, is the official publication of the owner, the American Organization of Neurological Surgeons (AONS) and the society the American College of Osteopathic Surgeons Neurosurgical Discipline (ACOS-NSD) however, all manuscripts are given consideration if relevant to neurosurgery and are submitted by individuals associated with AOA Neurosurgery Residency programs, ACOS-NSD or the AONS. Articles may deal with the results of scientific investigations, neurosurgical procedure nuances, neurosurgical case reports, ACOS-NSD information, neurosurgical news, neurosurgical products, social economic issues, neurosurgical residency programs and graduate medical education, neurosurgical resident issues, and specific medical student issues. Manuscripts that are prepared using the instructions for authors are given consideration. The AJONS endorses and follows the guidelines of the World Association of Medical Editors (WAME) Policy Statement on Geopolitical Intrusion on Editorial Decisions, the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE), the Recommendations for the Conduct, Reporting, Editing and Publication of Scholarly Work in Medical Journals, COPE guidelines, and others listed below.
Articles should be submitted via email to the Co-Editor in Chief of the AJONS.
Instructions for Authors of Scientific Manuscripts
Scientific manuscripts submitted should be original documentation, including photographs. Manuscripts should have appropriate concepts, methods, grammar, and within the aim and scope of the journal. The papers should be single column, double-spaced. The title should be in title case and bold, followed by Authors, degree, organization, city, and state.
The scientific manuscripts should contain an abstract, with both the abstract and paper separated into sections with bold typing of the section title. The page setup should be 0-6.5 inches. Paragraphs should be indented 0.5 inches. All tables should be submitted separate from the paper. Tables should be up to 3 inches wide so that they could fit into a column. This will allow quicker scanning and preparation. References should be numbered, tab, name of authors. Title of paper. Journal. Year volume:pages.
Authorship and Peer Review Process
The American Journal of Osteopathic Neurological Surgery utilizes a peer-review process following the guidelines of the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) to evaluate scientific manuscripts, including scientific investigations, neurosurgical procedure nuances, and neurosurgical case reports for scientific accuracy, addition to neurosurgery literature, and importance to neurosurgery. The peer-review process functions to improve the quality of the research publication and to prevent illusory results. The peer review process requires evaluation of content for scientific merit, suggestions, revisions, grammar correction, formatting, and detailed checking. To be considered foremost for publication, the manuscripts should be original prospective studies in neurosurgery. Case studies and review of the literature are significant contributions and should be combined with retrospective or prospective procedures to qualify best for case study publication.
All new submissions are screened for completeness and adherence to the Instructions for Authors. Those deemed meeting the criteria are further reviewed by a senior editor who decides if the submission warrants peer review or if it should be rejected without further review. Authors of scientific manuscripts rejected at initial evaluation should normally be informed within 4 weeks of receipt. Authors of submissions rejected at this time should be given feedback.
Those confidential privileged scientific manuscripts deemed suitable for peer review are passed to at least 2 expert reviewers. The reviewer and author shall remain anonymous throughout the double blind review process. Peer reviewers are matched to the manuscripts according to their areas of expertise. The reviewers are maintained in a database and are selected by the Co-Editors in Chief, upon recommendation of the Editorial Board, from Neurosurgery Residency Program Directors and others in the neuroscience field based on expertise, previous scientific publication, and editorial board participation.
Manuscripts will receive up to 100 points in each of the five categories: type of research paper (basic science, original clinical research, prospective study, chart review, review of literature, case study); grammar; addition to science; type of research conducted; and change to neuroscience practice. Scientific manuscripts must receive the minimum number of points in each category and in total as determined annually by the Editorial Board. Neurosurgical procedure nuances or tools should provide a reason that the procedure or tool is more clinically suitable than that which is already approved.
Should peer-reviewers contradict each other, an additional expert will be sought. Constructive and professional recommendations should explain the major strengths and weakness of the study design, data, and conclusions in the manuscript and the possible means to improve the manuscript. Minor weakness may be provided should the reviewer so choose.
Every person listed as an author of an article published in AJONS has been declared the author(s) without omission and is responsible to have contributed to the development, analysis, and reporting of the information in a significant and recognizable manner. All of the authors must agree to be accountable for all features of the information in which they were involved, have read and agreed to the manuscript's content and that the manuscript conforms to the AJONS' policies guidelines developed by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors. All persons having significantly contributed to the manuscript but do not meet the criteria for authorship must have the author's acknowledgement. The AJONS review process should be completed within 70 days.
The senior editor is responsible for the final decision for publication or rejection. The senior editor may accept the scientific manuscript without any changes, accept with minor revisions, accept after major revisions, ask the author to revise and resubmit or reject the manuscript without the ability to make revisions.
The final decision will be sent to the author with recommendations. Four weeks after acceptance for publication, the manuscript should be available for publication; this can be as long as 14 weeks after initial manuscript submission to AJONS.
Two senior editors will review other materials that have been submitted such as ACOS-NSD information, neurosurgical news, neurosurgical products, social economic issues, neurosurgical residency programs and graduate medical education, neurosurgical resident issues, and specific medical student issues. Those materials must also have appropriate concepts, methods, grammar, and within the aim and scope of the journal. The papers should be single column, and double-spaced.
The Peer Review system shall be reviewed by the Co-Editors in Chief and reported to the Editorial Board annually for effective fair review and suggested improvements. The recommendations will include guidelines for adjudication, changes to AJONS policy, expectations, confidential reviewer performance, outcomes for reviewers, educational material for reviewers, adherence to guidelines, any appeals, and other materials as required.
AJONS adheres to COPE guidelines regarding appeals to editorial decisions and complaints. Any of the senior editors shall review any appeal from authors and review the documentation submitted by the peer reviewers. If a senior editor does not agree with the outcome of the peer review process an additional peer reviewer may be assigned. A negative decision will be sent to one of the Co-Editors in Chief for review and decision. The Co-Editor in Chief decision is final.
AJONS allows articles it publishes to have been published or released elsewhere before they are published in on-line AJONS as long as the publication information has been cited and agreed to by the previous publisher and a signed release has been received by AJONS. The author must declare any overlapping publication on submission, and if criteria is met upon publication. Abstracts and research presentations at the ACOS-ACA does not violate AJONS’s policies and may be published in the AJONS.
Full text of all articles are available for free at AOANeurosurgery.org/journal.
Material published in the American Journal of Osteopathic Neurological Surgery (ISSN 149494846X) is not covered by copyright.
Conflict of Interest, Misconduct and Response
For all articles published, AJONS lists study sponsorship, relevant financial information, and all competing interest in the published work as disclosed by the authors. AJONS is committed to publishing research, review articles, case reports, and reliable information that are free from commercial influence and competing interest. An author must disclose receiving any support, or holding any interest in any entity affected by the publication, having interest in any patent issues related to the publication, or any other issue that may be considered as gaining an advantage as the result of the publication.
The disclosure forms of all authors are available to the peer reviewers and editors. Author contribution may also appear at the end of the article. AJONS expects that authors of articles to not have significant financial interest in any entity relevant to the topics and products discussed in the article. Where authors have no conflict of interests, the statement should read “The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.” When a prospective author does have financial ties to disclose, the editors decide whether they are relevant to the topic and whether there is a conflict of interest. If reviewers suspect a violation of AJONS policy the Co-Editors in Chief shall be notified and these concerns must be investigated and remain confidential. Any effort to deliberately deceive others by the authors, reviewers, editorial board, editors, and others once known, shall be referred to the Co-editors in Chief and reviewed by a subcommittee of the editorial board using due process as suggested in the US Office of Research Integrity. All involved parties shall provide written documentation about the issue. Conditions for review include but are not limited to: plagiarism, improper assignment of authorship credit, falsifying data, serious deviation in research practices, violation of research legislation and regulation, and false accusations. The subcommittee of the editorial board shall recommend to the Co-Editors in Chief corrective action to the person against whom the complaint is made in the form of a letter of education, a letter of reprimand, a letter to the supervising institution requesting an investigation, publication of a notice of infringement, formal withdrawal of the paper.
AJONS's policy is that none of the AJONS editors should have any financial relationship with any biomedical company.
The peer review process must also be free from conflicts of interest. Peer review should not take place by a reviewer that is in competition or conflict with the author. The information provided by the author cannot be used by the reviewer in a professional or personal manner prior to publication.
Informed Consent
No manuscript submitted for publication in AJONS involving interaction with or manipulation of human subjects for research purposes or the images or details of individuals will be considered if informed consent to participate in the study was not obtained from the participant or legally recognized consenting individual and included in the manuscript. The identifiable details of individuals include names and other patient specific information that would lead to their identification or infringement of privacy and must not appear in the manuscript.
Ethics, Human and Animal Rights
All manuscripts having a description of procedures involving humans or animals or involving private human medical information must have a statement of proof stating the procedures rationale have been approved and carried out within an appropriate ethical framework of institutional and national guidelines such as the Good Clinical Practice in Food and Drug Administration Regulated Clinical Trials (USA) or the Medical Research Council Guidelines for Good Clinical Practice in Clinical Trials (UK)) and the World Medical Association (WMA) Declaration of Helsinki, that appropriate steps were taken to minimize pain or discomfort, and followed the ethical standards of the responsible committee on human or animal experimentation. All personal information must be de-identified.
If the Editors suspect that the authors did not follow the procedures, did not obtain approval, or did not follow ethical standards they will reject the manuscript and contact the responsible committee. This detailed report must be from the responsible committee such as the Institutional Review Board (IRB) or other Review Board. If publicly available data is used exclusively, the review committee may grant an exemption which must also be detailed in the manuscript.
Corrections and Retractions
AJONS will publish corrections or retractions of published articles immediately online and in the next publication in order to maintain scientific integrity as an Erratum or Retraction article. Changes to published papers that affect the conclusion will be corrected as an Erratum linked to the original paper. If the original material infringes upon certain rights it may be removed from the online site.
Advertising
All advertisement submitted for publication shall comply with applicable U.S. and International laws. No advertising may be indecent, obscene, or defamatory. Editorial decisions are independent and shall not be based upon or influenced by advertisers or donors. Any person involved in approving specific donors or advertisement for the AJONS, cannot take part in editorial review of material related to the advertiser or donor. All advertisers and donors shall be clearly identified and the product or service being offered. No advertisement shall be published adjacent to any material in the AJONS which refers in any way to a product or service related to the advertiser or donor or refer to any other material in that issue of the AJONS. Advertisements shall have a unique appearance, different from any other AJONS material. All advertisement should be pertinent to the material in the AJONS, should not be deceptive, misleading, offensive, contain negative content, or violations of ethical standards. The Co-Editors in Chief are responsible for the advertisement and donors and have the right to refuse any advertisement for any reason.